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The ''Yoga Yajnavalkya'' ((サンスクリット:योगयाज्ञवल्क्य), ''yoga-yājñavalkya'') is a classical treatise on yoga traditionally attributed to sage Yajnavalkya. It takes the form of a dialogue between Yajnavalkya and the renowned female philosopher Gargi. The extant Sanskrit text consists of 12 chapters and contains 504 verses.〔 Most later yoga texts like the ''Hatha Yoga Pradipika'', the ''Yoga Kundalini'' and ''Yoga Tattva Upanishads'' have borrowed verses almost verbatim from or make frequent references to the ''Yoga Yajnavalkya''.〔Mohan (2010), p. 127.〕 In the ''Yoga Yajnavalkya'', yoga is defined as the union between the living self (''jivatma'') and the supreme self (''paramatma'').〔Desikachar (1995), p. 231.〕 The yogi, Tirumalai Krishnamacharya, considered ''Yoga Yajnavalkya'' to be one of the most important yoga texts〔Mohan (2013), p. i.〕 and refers to this text in the introduction to his book, ''Yoga Makaranda'' (1934). The method of yoga described in the ''Yoga Yajnavalkya'' is both comprehensive and universally applicable—open to both women and men.〔Desikachar (2000), p. XXI.〕 Yajnavalkya explains the principles and practice of yoga, the path to freedom, to Gargi. Like the ''Yoga Sutras'', the ''Yoga Yajnavalkya'' describes eight limbs of yoga and describes the path of yoga practice as the development of these eight limbs. The text also dispels much of the aura of mystery surrounding the concept of ''kundalini'' by explaining it logically and relating to other terms and concepts in Vedic thought.〔Mohan (2000), p. 19.〕 An important feature of this text is the comprehensive discussion of ''pranayama'', which sets it apart from other texts on yoga. Up to a hundred verses or ''slokas'' are devoted to elucidating the various techniques, applications and results of ''pranayama''. The text also discusses the use of ''pranayama'' as a therapeutic tool, its role in ayurveda, and methods for incorporating ''pranayama'' with ''pratyahara'', ''dharana'' and the other limbs of Patanjali yoga. The ''Yoga Yajnavalkya'' provides insight into the various forms of meditation practiced during the Vedic period. It also addresses the issue of how to use form (''Saguna Brahman'', or God with form) to go beyond form (''Nirguna Brahman'', or the Godhead). There are differing opinions as to the dating of ''Yoga Yajnavalkya''. Prahlad Divanji, editor of ''Yoga-Yajnavalkya: A Treatise on Yoga as Taught by Yogi Yajnavalkya'' published by the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society (BBRAS), traced its origin to the period between the second century BCE and fourth century CE.〔Desikachar (1995), p. 230.〕〔Mohan (2010), p. back cover.〕〔Divanji (1954), p. 105.〕 According to Divanji, the author of the ''Yoga Yajnavalkya'' is also the author of the ''Yājñavalkya Smṛti''.〔Divanji (1954), p. 118.〕 Gerald James Larson, a professor at Indiana University, has dated this text to about the 13th or 14th century CE.〔Larson (2008), p. 476.〕 ==Versions and translations== Only two English translations of the text are known. According to T. K. V. Desikachar's English translation: "In the 1960s only two () versions of this valuable text were available (and Trivandrum editions ), and both were incomplete or inaccurate. He () took the pains of writing the whole manuscript."〔Desikachar (2000), p. back cover.〕 Desikachar further states in his introduction: "However many verses of this twelve-chapter text are missing in both versions... He () even corrected those manuscripts that were incomplete."〔Desikachar (2000), p. XIX.〕 In ''The Heart of Yoga'', Desikachar indicates: "There is one critical edition of the ''Yoga Yājñavalkya'' written by Śrī Prabhad () C. Divanji (edition )."〔 According to A. G. Mohan's English translation: :"However, a comparative reading shows that the KYM edition (2000 translation ) is a faithful reproduction of the 1938 Trivandrum publication. The only edits made are to fill in a negligible number of missing words—around 60 words out of 6000—in mostly obvious contexts. There are no significant corrections to existing verses. : :The BBRA publication is easily more complete and error free, containing copious footnotes comparing different versions of the text from sixteen manuscripts and five printed editions (including the Trivandrum publication). That is why Krishnamacharya recommended the BBRA publication when he browsed through it. : :The Trivandrum publication offered by the KYM misses 39 1⁄2 verses that appear in the BBRA publication, and the word choice is less suitable in places. Appendix I contains a comparison between the two publications."〔Mohan (2013), p. iii.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Yoga Yajnavalkya」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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